Piezoelectric Ignition: A Game-Changer in Energetic Materials

Packing fractions and electrical conductivity are crucial factors that aid in explaining the ignition behavior of energetic materials as a function of bulk density. Recent studies have shown that the ignition delay times of composite energetic materials are dependent on the powder bulk density, with an optimum bulk density of 50%. This phenomenon is attributed to the role of bulk density on electrostatic discharge ignition sensitivity.

In this study, we examined the ignition response of an energetic composite composed of aluminum and molybdenum trioxide nanopowders to the arc generated from a lead zirconate and lead titanate piezocrystal. The results showed that the mechanical stimuli used to activate the piezocrystal varied to assess ignition voltage, power, and delay time of aluminum–molybdenum trioxide for a range of bulk powder densities.

Our findings indicate that high dielectric strength leads to faster ignition times due to the higher voltage delivered to the energetic material. Moreover, the ignition delay is under 0.4 ms, which is significantly faster than observed with thermal or shock ignition.

Piezoelectric initiators are a unique form of ignition for energetic materials because the current and voltage are tied together by impact loading on the crystal. This property makes them an attractive option for applications where high-speed ignition is required.

In addition to their use in energetic materials, piezoelectric crystals have numerous other applications. They are present in filters, resonators, and transducers, and can transform mechanical pressure into electrical charges. Furthermore, they can be used as a substrate for multilayer printed circuit boards (PCBs) or as protective components in circuits and wires.

In conclusion, our study highlights the importance of bulk density on electrostatic discharge ignition sensitivity and demonstrates the potential of piezoelectric ignition for energetic materials. The results show that high dielectric strength leads to faster ignition times, making piezoelectric initiators a promising option for applications where high-speed ignition is required.

Piezoelectric ignition